Asthma, Allergies & the Eye

Asthma is a breathing disorder caused by disruption of the airways in our respiratory system. It can either be caused by spasms in our lungs (Bronchospasm) or by mucous blocking the airways. It may also be triggered by allergy and is associated with Eczema & Hayfever.

Effects of Asthma on the eye are:

~ burning

~ tendency to rub eyes

~ raised intra-ocular pressure

~ Dry eye ‘click here’ to read article

An allergy is a reaction when an allergen (harmless substance) comes into contact with our body tissues.

It is triggered by our ‘immune system’ which unfortunately is not always able to distinguish whether the allergen is dangerous or safe. This leads to an allergy response. The common triggers are pollen, dust, animal fur, mould and certain foods.

The body’s defence against allergens is the skin and mucous membranes. The eye’s defence is the tearfilm.

The most common allergy is Hayfever which is triggered by pollen originating from grass, plants & trees. It is known to be a seasonal condition, common around springtime, although may occur all year round due to plants and trees releasing pollen at different times of the year.

Symptoms caused by constant pollen exposure is called Rhinitis.

Any allergen that comes into contact with the eye causing a reaction is called Allergic Eye Disease.

Effects of Allergy on the eye are:

~ itching

~ watery eyes

~ soreness

~ swelling

~ red eyes

Common  Allergic Eye Disease Conditions are:

Contact Dermatitis – associated with make – up, perfume, facial moisturisers and cleansers. As eye shadow and mascara is applied closely around the eye, it can come into contact with our tears which can lead to an allergic reaction.

Cosmetic retailers will have samples available free of charge, giving the opportunity to ensure it is safe for you to use. It is recommended to request samples before using a product for the first time.

Allergic Conjunctivitis – the most common and mildest eye allergy. Inflammation is almost instant on contact. Typically causes gel-like discharge.

If due to pollen (and suffering with Hayfever) – this is seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC).

If the allergen is dust or animal fur – this is perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). This condition occurs regardless of the season.

Pollution is also a source of allergens which is a trigger to this condition.

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis – An inflammation occurring underneath the eyelids which is either caused by bacteria or trauma. Excessive mucous discharge is present.

It can occur after eyelid surgery, eye prosthesis and is associated with contact lens wear.

If contact lens is the cause of the condition, then it is referred to as Contact lens induced Papillary Conjunctivitis (CLIPC).

Blepharitis – An inflammation of the eyelids. Associated with skin conditions caused by bacteria and Demodex mite infestation. Often a mild condition, however if occurring alongside other allergic conditions it can be severe.

Also known as ‘eyelid dandruff’ as dead  skin cells are present. Once detected, treatment must be carried out at the earliest instance to avoid any debris getting in to contact with the tears.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction – Blockage of the lipid glands on the eyelid margins. This condition can result from the above conditions leading to changes in the tearfilm.

Treatments for Allergic Eye Disease

Contact Dermatitis – Identify cause

 ~ eyelid cleansing with preservative free wipes.

~ cold compresses

~ throw away make up being used

~ use artificial tears to ensure removal of the allergens

Allergic Conjunctivitis – Mild symptoms require no treatment and self resolves within 1 week. If not, antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol and Furosemide are recommended. Contact lens wearers may still continue with wear as it acts as a barrier against the allergen.

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis – Remove the cause.

~ If caused by contact lenses — stop wear right away.

~ Opticrom drops are recommended, very effective in resolving the condition quickly.

~ Antihistamine medications if associated with Hayfever.

Blepharitis – Eyelid hygiene

~ Use of preservative free eyelid cleansing wipes

~ Heated eye mask, the heat helps to kill bacteria

~ If not resolved, your  Optometrist will refer you to an Ophthalmologist for further investigation and treatment.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction – Treatment is similar to Blepharitis.

~ Identify cause

~ Heated eye mask or warm compresses to ‘melt’ the blockage of the eyelid margins

~ Massage the eyelids after applying heat

~ Use of lipid based artificial tears to maintain healthy tearfilm

~ Review diet. Click here to read ‘Your Eye Health’

The best treatment for Allergic Eye Disease is avoiding the source of the allergen.

Any Questions? Please get in touch