The Thyroid gland and the Eye

The Thyroid gland is responsible for regulating the metabolism and our energy levels. It is located in the neck, just below the voice box. The hormones Tri-Iodothyronine & Thyroxine is produced by the gland.

The main disorders of the Thyroid Gland are:

Hyperthyroidism – excessive production of Thyroxine. Also known as over active thyroid. 

Hypothyroidism – reduced production of Thyroxine. Also known as under active thyroid.

Graves Disease – due to enlargement of Thyroid gland. This causes Hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid Eye Disease – inflammation of the Thyroid and eye tissues. This is often due to Graves Disease.

Graves Disease effects on our eyes are:

~ Protrusion of the eyes, ‘staring effect’. Lid closure can be affected.

~ Dry eyes 

Thyroid Eye Disease effects on our eyes are:

~ Same as Graves Disease (see above).

~ Dry eyes

~ Loss of colour vision

~ Blurred vision.

~ Restricted eye movements.

~ Light sensitivity

Graves Disease can lead to Thyroid Eye Disease if the Thyroxine levels is not controlled. This needs to be treated.

Treatment for Thyroid Disorders.

~ Hypothyroidism (under-active Thyroid) – treated with oral intake of either Thyroxine or Levothyroxine.

~ Hyperthyroidism (over-active Thyroid) – various treatments, depending on severity.

• Beta blockers for symptoms of heart palpitations.
• Anti-Thyroid drugs to reduce production of Thyroxine.
• Radioactive medication to gently break down the thyroid tissues, these patients need to be closely monitored.
• Thyroid Surgery – only done if the above treatments are unsuccessful.

The symptoms of dry eyes can be treated, usually by instilling drops. Click here to read ‘Dry Eyes’ article.

If you have any questions, please get in touch.